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Ingimundr,〔Griffiths, D (2014); Downham (2013); Ó Cróinín (2013); Richards, JD (2013); Downham (2007); Etchingham (2007); Woolf (2007a); Insley (2005); Oram (2000).〕 also known as Hingamund,〔Griffiths, D (2014); Ó Cróinín (2013); Redknap (2008); Downham (2007); Woolf (2007a); Griffiths, DW (1991).〕 Igmunt,〔Redknap (2008); Woolf (2007a).〕 Ingimund,〔Griffiths, D (2014); Charles-Edwards (2013); Redknap (2008); Hadley (2006); Ó Corráin (2006); Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005); Pretty (2005); Matthews (2003); Jesch (2000a); Jesch (2000b); Wainwright (2000); Moore (1996); Griffiths, DW (1991).〕 was a tenth-century Viking warlord. In 902, Irish sources record that the Vikings were driven from Dublin. It is almost certainly in the context of this exodus that Ingimundr appears on record. He is recorded to have led the abortive settlement of Norsemen on Anglesey, before being driven out from there as well. He appears to have then led his folk to the Wirral peninsula, where the English allowed him to settle his followers. Ingimundr's invasion of Anglesey may be the most notable Viking attack in Welsh history. ==Exodus from Ireland, and conflict with the Welsh== The Viking Kingdom of Dublin was established in the mid ninth century. This maritime realm weakened from infighting in the later part of the century; and following a devastating defeat to a united force from the kingdoms of Brega and Leinster, the Vikings were finally driven from Dublin in 902.〔Insley (2005).〕 Specifically, according to the ''Annals of Ulster'',〔Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 500; ''The Annals of Ulster'' (2010) § 902.2; Griffiths, D (2009) p. 179; ''The Annals of Ulster'' (2008) § 902.2; Woolf (2007a) p. 131; Hadley (2006) p. 61; Ó Corráin (2001) pp. 21–22; Jesch (2000b) p. 2; Griffiths, DW (1991) p. 28.〕 and ''Chronicon Scotorum'', the Vikings of Dublin were driven from Ireland by the Irish in 902.〔Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 500; ''The Annals of Ulster'' (2012) § 902; ''Chronicon Scotorum'' (2010) § 902.〕 The pseudo-historical ''Fragmentary Annals of Ireland'' relates a colourful tale concerning Ingimundr that clearly relates to this expulsion.〔Etchingham (2007) p. 153; Woolf (2007a) p. 131; Wainwright (1948) p. 151.〕 According to this source, Ingimundr led an exodus of Vikings from Ireland to Anglesey, before they were driven from the island, after which they were settled by the English near Chester.〔Griffiths, D (2014) p. 34; Charles-Edwards (2013) p. 502; Downham (2013) p. 150; Ó Cróinín (2013) ch. 9; ''Fragmentary Annals of Ireland'' (2010) § 429; Griffiths, D (2009) p. 179; ''Fragmentary Annals of Ireland' (2008) § 429; Redknap (2008) p. 402; Downham (2007) pp. 83, 206–208, 256; Etchingham (2007) p. 153; Woolf (2007a) pp. 131–132; Hadley (2006) pp. 61–62; Matthews (2003) pp. 107–108; Jesch (2000b) p. 2; Wainwright (1948).〕 The ''Annales Cambriae'' and ''Brut y Tywysogion'' appear to corroborate the thrust of the aforesaid account of Ingimundr in Wales.〔Griffiths, D (2014) p. 34; Richards, JD (2013) ch. 2; Griffiths, D (2009) p. 179; Woolf (2007a) p. 131; Hadley (2006) pp. 61–62; Matthews (2003) p. 108; Jesch (2000b) p. 2; Wainwright (2000) p. 20; Wainwright (1948) pp. 151, 153.〕 According to the former, Ingimundr settled his followers on Anglesey in "''Osmeiaum''",〔Griffiths, D (2014) p. 34; Charles-Edwards (2013) pp. 328 n. 95, 500, 502; Ó Cróinín (2013) ch. 9; Charles-Edwards (2011) p. 85 n. 10; Griffiths, D (2009) p. 179; Downham (2007) p. 206; Etchingham (2007) p. 153; Woolf (2007a) p. 131; Hadley (2006) p. 62; Jesch (2000b) p. 2; Wainwright (2000) pp. 20, 23–24; Moore (1996) p. 28; Griffiths, DW (1991) p. 28; Wainwright (1948) pp. 151, 153; Williams Ab Ithel (1860a) p. 16.〕 whilst the latter Welsh source reports that Ingimundr and his followers battled the Welsh at "''Ros Meilon''".〔Griffiths, D (2009) p. 179; Downham (2007) pp. 83, 206; Etchingham (2007) p. 153; Hadley (2006) p. 62; Wainwright (2000) pp. 20, 23–24; Griffiths, DW (1991) p. 28; Wainwright (1948) p. 151; Williams Ab Ithel (1860b) pp. 18–19.〕 The site itself appears to have been located on the eastern edge of Anglesey, perhaps near Llanfaes if the aforesaid place names are any clue.〔Charles-Edwards (2011) pp. 85 n. 10, 328 n. 95; Pretty (2005) p. 12.〕 Another possibility is that Ingimundr was settled near Llanbedrgoch,〔Griffiths, D (2009) p. 179; Downham (2007) p. 83.〕 where evidence of farming, manufacturing, and trading has been excavated.〔Jesch (2000a) p. 15.〕 There is reason to suspect that this site formed an aristocratic power centre, and that it may have originated as an informal Viking trading centre just prior to Ingimundr's attempted colonisation. The centre itself could have provided an important staging post between the Welsh and other trading centres in the Irish Sea region.〔Redknap (2008) pp. 406, 408; Richards, J (2005) pp. 83–84.〕 According to the version of events presented in the ''Fragmentary Annals of Ireland'', Ingimundr had been defeated by a son of Cadell ap Rhodri.〔Charles-Edwards (2011) p. 502; ''Fragmentary Annals of Ireland'' (2010) § 429; ''Fragmentary Annals of Ireland' (2008) § 429; Downham (2007) pp. 27–28, 83–84, 206–208; Wainwright (1948).〕 If correct, this son could have been one of the latter's sons, either Hywel Dda or Clydog.〔Charles-Edwards (2011) pp. 502, 503.〕 According to the so-called "Nennian" recension of ''Historia Brittonum'', however, Cadell's brother, Anarawd ap Rhodri (died 916), held the kingship of Anglesey in about 908, in addition to his kingship of Gwynedd on the Welsh mainland.〔Charles-Edwards (2011) pp. 476, 502; Woolf (2007b) pp. 102–103; Dumville (1982) pp. 16–17.〕 The ''Fragmentary Annals of Ireland'', therefore, could well have replaced Anarawd's apparent connection in the ousting of Ingimundr from Anglesey, in favour his more famous nephew, Hywel Dda.〔Charles-Edwards (2011) p. 503.〕 The slaying of Anarawd's brother, Merfyn, about the year after Ingimundr's clash on Anglesey, as revealed by ''Brenhinedd y Saesson'',〔Redknap (2008) p. 402; Downham (2007) p. 209; Jones; Williams; Pughe (1870) p. 656.〕 ''Brut y Tywysogion'',〔Downham (2007) p. 209; Williams Ab Ithel (1860b) pp. 18–19.〕 and ''Annales Cambriae'',〔Redknap (2008) p. 402; Downham (2007) p. 209; Williams Ab Ithel (1860a) p. 16.〕 may be directly related to Ingimundr's activities along the Welsh coast.〔Redknap (2008) p. 402; Maund (2000) p. 44.〕 Although the former two sources state that Merfyn was put to death by his own men, the latter source identifies his killers as Vikings, and it is possible that confusion concerning the Latin words ''gentibus'' and ''gentilibus'' are responsible for the discrepancy between the sources.〔Downham (2007) p. 209.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ingimundr (tenth century)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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